Effective Factors in the Adoption of Sprinkler Irrigation among Wheat Farmers in Kangavar City of Ilam Province – Iran
Faezeh
Taher abadi
MSc student, Department of Rural development, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
Mohammad Karim
Motamed
Associate Professor, Department of agricultural economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
Mohammad Reza
Khaledian
Associate Professor, Department of Water enginering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Water shortage in Iran is one of the main factors limiting in the development of agricultural activities.Development of new irrigation technologies is one of the most important solutions for the development of agriculture and increase production. To reduce water restrictions in agriculture, the expansion of pressurized irrigation systems is in the government's priority development programs. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effective factors in the adoption of Sprinkler irrigation by farmers in Kangavar city of Ilam province. The questionnaire was the main toll for collecting data. By Kokran formula 310 samples were selected with random sampling. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by 10 subject specialists and reliability assessed with Cronbach's alpha 0.78 Obtained. The population of this research was 310 wheat farmers including two groups (Sprinkler irrigation group 140 wheat farmers and traditional irrigation group 170). Statistical indicators such as frequency, Percent frequency, mean, standard deviation and X squrae and Kramer coeeficient (V) was performed using spss software. The results showed that there is a correlation (95%) among the independent variables of education, agricultural experience, reduce weeds, reducing the cost of electricity consumption, saving water consumption, the amount of available water, the amount of annual income land holding with the dependent variable, adoption sprinkling irrigation methods And there is a correlation (99%) between independent variable of yield with dependent variable of sprinkler irrigation methods. There are not correlations (99%) among independent variables of age, family size, reduced pest with the dependent variable.
Water Management in Agriculture
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2476-4531
3
v.
2
no.
2017
1
12
https://wmaj.iaid.ir/article_87318_1150699f5cc43e07f3e56370c68c77f3.pdf
Soil Moisture Zoning Changes by Different Irrigation Water Salinity under a Line Source
Firoozeh
javadzadeh
MSc students, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran.
author
Mohammad Reza
Khaledian
Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran and Department of Water Engineering and Environment, Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, Iran
author
Maryam
navabian
Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran and Department of Water Engineering and Environment, Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, Iran.
author
Parisa
Shahinrokhsar
Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Due to limited water resources utilization of unconventional water resources, is taken into consideration. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in soil moisture under different irrigation water salinity under a line source in a layered heavy soil. For this purpose, irrigation times period of 2, 3 and 4 hours for volumes of 10, 15 and 20 liters and irrigation water salinity of 1.279, 2.5 and 5 dS/m were applied replicated three times. In order to evaluate changes in soil moisture values a TDR device was used; and then the SURFER software using kriging method was used for zoning. The average soil moisture content was increased by increasing the water volume. The highest average volumetric moisture was in 5 dS/m treatment with 39.84% and the lowest one was in 1.279 dS/m treatment with 37.49%. According to SURFER outputs and the average volumetric moisture, in 5 dS/m salinity treatment the soil moisture in the surface layers was high, which is due to reduced permeability and hydraulic conductivity because of soil salinity increase. As the average soil moisture content is about at the field capacity of the silty clay soil, it can be said that drip irrigation system under limited water resources with a relevant quality has the necessary performance.
Water Management in Agriculture
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2476-4531
3
v.
2
no.
2017
13
22
https://wmaj.iaid.ir/article_87319_5e48279a4ce25066ffa1360c52d80752.pdf
Prospects of Water Desalination for Agricultural Use
Ghasem
Zarei
Associate Professor of Agricaltural Engineering Research Institute, Agricaltural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
author
Morteza
Khanahmadi
Associate Professor of Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricaltural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Population growth along with climate change will cause the water scarcity to become the main bottleneck of sustainable agriculture in the world. So as a rough estimation, by 2030 nearly 40 billion cubic meters more water is needed annually in our country. Saline groundwater and seawater are abundant and reliable water resources which need to be desalinated for use in most agricultural activities. Cultivation of most agricultural products is currently not feasible with desalinated seawater due to high energy and capital costs. Current seawater desalination energy consumption rate is 5 kwh/m3 which stand far above minimum theoretical limit namely 1 kwh/m3. Application of desalinated water in greenhouses cultivation is being investigated. Various routes which are being investigated to reduce the costs are dealt in this paper: Innovative nanotechnology and biotechnology methods are under development for abatement of energy loss in reverse osmosis membranes. Membranes containing carbon nanotubes or proteins extracted from salinity tolerant plants are fabricated in this regard. Appropriate combination of reversed osmosis (RO) with forward osmosis (FO) is under investigation. At the same time, design of desalination plants is improved to enhance energy recovery. Utilization of solar energy in desalination is also emerging.
Water Management in Agriculture
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2476-4531
3
v.
2
no.
2017
23
38
https://wmaj.iaid.ir/article_87321_1c868fde9dd16ffdab2e5db679025dbc.pdf
Application of Subsurface Drip Irrigation System and Management Parameters in Corn Production
Hossein
dehghansanij
Associate Researcher, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
author
Elahe
Kanani
Master of Science, Department of Water Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
author
Majid
Hamami
Professor, Faculty of Environment, Alborz, Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
Subsurface drip irrigation is a highly efficient method to optimal use of water by minimizing water losses through evaporation from the soil surface, reduce deep percolation, and thus helping to keep water and preserve the nutrients used by crops. This irrigation method have high priority in different parts of the world on different row crops, garden and vegetables compared to other methods irrigation such as of surface drip irrigation, sprinkler and surface irrigation. In Iran, for the crops with cultivated area, such as corn, were been very productive which may have an important role in the water balance of country's. In this article, the goal is introduction of benefits and limitations of subsurface drip irrigation for corn and provide technical advice for design, implementation and operation of this system in corn farming. For this purpose reports and publications on the yield and water productivity of corn under subsurface drip irrigation system were studied. The results showed that depth of dripline due to the soil texture was variable, and was in range from 0.15 to 0.45 meters. Also, the distance between the dripline was affordable with 1.5 meters for cultivated corn with a row spacing of 0.76 m. Also, the results showed that grain yield of corn, plant biomass and absorb plant nitrogen fertilizer by fertigation during the growing season has increased under the subsurface drip irrigation system. Generally, when we are faced with water shortage and water tension of the product, application of subsurface drip irrigation with a proper design and management will increase corn production levels, yield and yield components and, also increase the irrigation water productivity.
Water Management in Agriculture
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2476-4531
3
v.
2
no.
2017
39
52
https://wmaj.iaid.ir/article_87322_a21435758427de1a06356b4d83067e2e.pdf
Estimation of Rice LAI in a Large Scale Using Landsat Imageries
Mojtaba
Rezaei
Rice ResearchIn stitute of lran, Agricultural Research Education and Exiension Organization (AREEO), Rash, Iran
author
Majid
Vazifedoust
Assistant professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht
author
Naser
Davatgar
Rice ResearchIn stitute of lran, Agricultural Research Education and Exiension Organization (AREEO), Rash, Iran
author
Nader
Pirmoradian
Assistant professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht
author
Shiva
Mokhtari
MSc. Student, Irrigation and drainage, University of Guilan
author
Ali
shahnazari
MSc. Student, Irrigation and drainage, University of Guilan
author
Mahmood
Raeini Sarjaz
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sari, Sari, Iran
author
Abrahim
Amiri
Professor, Department Of Water Engineering, Lahidjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahidjan, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
Leaf area index (LAI) is an important index in crop evapotranspiration estimation and in monitoring abiotic stresses like water stress. The LAI determination using direct methods is costly as well as time consuming, making it nearly impossible especially over large scales. For these reasons, attempts have been made to forecast LAI using remotely sensed vegetation indices (i.e., the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI). The present study aimed to estimate rice LAI in a large scale using remote sensing imageries from Landsat 5 and 7. Actual LAI were measured during 2010 in four different growing phases in 10 paddy fields of Fouman, Guilan, the northern part of Iran. The samples were taken from the fields and the LAI were measured by a LAI meter in laboratory. The results showed that the accuracy of estimation of LAI by Landsat imageries changed during the season, but the best results gained in rice full coverage in flowering phase (R2=0.85). In the early stage of rice growing season using NDVI and in full coverage using SAVI gave the best correlation of LAI estimation.
Water Management in Agriculture
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2476-4531
3
v.
2
no.
2017
53
60
https://wmaj.iaid.ir/article_87335_2f4885bd2e470236347ac2b3235fa59e.pdf
Influence of Deficit Irrigation on Three Tomato Cultivars Yield in Marvdasht Plain
Abdulmutallab
Olyan Ghiasi
M.Sc. graduate, Islamic Azad University, Firuazabad branch, Iran
author
Mohammad Ali
Shahrokhnia
Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Shiraz, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
The effect of water stress on tomato crop in Marvdasht region (Fars province) was investigated as five treatments in three cultivars (Super Urbana, Super Chef, Kingston) in 2014. The experiments were done in a farm in Fathabad country near Marvdasht town and were replicated three times. Irrigation water content treatments were considered in five levels (control, 60, 80, 100 and 120% water requirement). The irrigation water content was calculated by penman-montieth method. The above water requirements were determined considering leaching requirement and 90% irrigation efficiency in drip irrigation systam. Irrigation water was applied using calibrated water flow meters and the treatments were irrigated in four day periods. Planting, maintenance and harvesting operations were the same in all treatment. Planting was done by seeds. The control treatment was managed by the farmer and the plants were irrigated for about 8 hrs every 4 days. Results revealed significantly different yield between three cultivars. The irrigation water had highly significant effect, but the interaction between cultivars and water requirement was not significant. Also the effect of irrigation treatments on crop yield was significant. The highest and the lowest yield was obtained as 73729 kg/ha using 8840 m3/ha and 39551 kg/ha using 4420 m3/ha of water; respectively. These results showed that the water had significant effect on crop yield and the maximum water use efficiency was estimated as 8.5 in 80% water requirement treatment and the minimum was calculated as 7.1 kg/m3 for that of 60% water requirement treatment. So 80% water treatment is recommended.
Water Management in Agriculture
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2476-4531
3
v.
2
no.
2017
61
68
https://wmaj.iaid.ir/article_87340_f2db323f0873add8275a748b1558c9d3.pdf
Surge Factor in Furrow Infiltration under Non- Continuous Flow
Abolfazl
Nasseri
Agricultural Engineering Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran.
author
davood
Niknezhad
Watershed Mangement Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran
author
Alireza
Hassanoghli
Associate Professor of Agricaltural Engineering Research Institute, Agricaltural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
One of the methods to increase water application efficiency in agricultural lands is surge irrigation. Simulation and design of this method rely on accurate estimation of infiltration equation coefficients. Commonly used methods to estimate infiltration equations coefficients need to numerous field measurements and to time consume. Therefore, to evaluate surge factor in furrow infiltration under non- continuous flow, a field study was conducted for surge flow with on-time of 30 min, cycle ratio of 1/2, with four surges, at two irrigation events. Surge infiltration was measured by blocked furrow infiltrometers which adapted for non- continuous condition. The results indicated that non- continuous flow has a potential to decrease cumulative infiltration with the application of different surges. Decreasing infiltration due to non-continuous flow caused decreasing deep percolation and improving flow advance along furrows, consequently, it will be caused increase in irrigation efficiency and improve water distribution in the farm. With increase in irrigation events, cumulative infiltration decreased. Cumulative infiltration at the first 30 min in the first irrigation (with 9363 ml m-1) is more than the second event (with 5858 ml m-1). The differences between infiltration rates from two to four surges were not significant. Application flow with more than three surges did not cause changes in infiltration rate and water efficiency. Infiltration equation parameters (k and a) were obtained by regression analysis for different surges of tow irrigation events. The exponent of the equation was 0.43. The parameter of K in The first irrigation was more than that was from the second irrigation. In the present study, surge factor was evaluated for two irrigation events with several flow surges. The surges factors can be used to estimate cumulative infiltration in the different surges of the first and the second irrigation events based on the first surge.
Water Management in Agriculture
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2476-4531
3
v.
2
no.
2017
69
78
https://wmaj.iaid.ir/article_87342_ee4d42e0a50d77f9aef98b160d2d62ad.pdf
Precipitation Water Productivity for Dryland Wheat
Ali
Salek Zamani
Agricultural Engineering Research Department. East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
This study was conducted to investigate wheat production and precipitation water productivity response to planting dates of Sabalan wheat variety at the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute in Maragheh located at the north-west of Iran. Four planting dates of 23 Sep., 2 Oct., 12 Oct. and 22 Oct. Treatments were laid out in complete randomized blocks for three years. Results revealed that grain yield affected by planting dates. The planting date of 23 SPt. (with single irrigation at the sowing time) with seasonal precipitation of 504 mm produced the highest yield of 3422 kg ha-1. To describe the relationship between grain yield and received water from precipitation and single irrigation a linear model (r =0.96) was developed with high agreement between measured and predicted values. Also, results showed that received water productivity averaged 0.46 and ranged from 0.32 to 0.68 kg m-3. Planting date of Sep. 2 with single irrigation at the sowing time produced the highest water productivity and grain yield. Therefore date of Sep.2 for planting with supplemental irrigation and date of 2 Oct. can be recommended as the optimum planting date of wheat in in dryland condition of Maragheh and similar climate condition.
Water Management in Agriculture
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2476-4531
3
v.
2
no.
2017
79
84
https://wmaj.iaid.ir/article_87343_bff9be290cafab563e336741a6b87783.pdf