بررسی اثر کم‌آبیاری پایدار و مالچ آلی بر بهره‌وری آب و عملکرد درختان سیب رقم ”گرانی اسمیت“ در زمان برداشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه گیلان

2 استاد گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه گیلان

3 دانشیار و عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان و گروه پژوهشی مهندسی آب و محیط‌زیست پژوهشکده حوزه آبی

چکیده

آب یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدود‌کننده در تولید محصولات کشاورزی جهان به ‌شمار می‌‌آید. هدف از انجام این آزمایش مطالعه اثر سطوح مختلف کم‌آبیاری و مالچ آلی بر عملکرد، بهره‌وری آب، وزن تر، درصد ماده خشک، سفتی، محتوای مواد محلول، اسید قابل تیتراسیون و شاخص کلروفیل سیب رقم گرانی اسمیت در زمان برداشت است. به این منظور آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1398 اجرا شد. تیمار آبیاری در سطوح تامین 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی درخت (ETc) و مالچ آلی در ضخامت‌های صفر، چهار، هشت و 12 سانتی‌متر اعمال شدند. نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین میانگین وزن تر میوه به سطوح تامین 75 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی اختصاص داشت و تیمار مالچ آلی در ضخامت هشت، چهار و 12 سانتی‌متر به‌ترتیب اختلاف معنی‌دار مثبتی در وزن تر میوه نسبت به شاهد داشتند. میانگین عملکرد در درختان مالچ‌پاشی شده 52/11 درصد بیشتر از درختان شاهد بود، بیشترین عملکرد در درختان تحت تیمار هشت سانتی‌متر مالچ به‌دست آمد. غلظت مواد محلول و سفتی میوه در 50 درصد ‌آبیاری بهبود یافت. برهمکنش تیمار 8 سانتی‌متر مالچ آلی با 75 درصد ‌آبیاری بیشترین مقدار اسید میوه را به خود اختصاص دادند. شاخص هر دو کلروفیل a و b با افزایش تنش خشکی کاهش و با کاربرد تیمار مالچ بهبود یافتند. به‌علاوه برهمکنش هر دو تیمار آزمایش، بهره‌وری آب و بهره‌وری اقتصادی در واحد سطح را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation Effects of Sustainable Deficit Irrigation and Organic Mulch on apple cv. “Granny Smith” Water Productivity and Yield at harvest

نویسندگان [English]

  • hediyeh beigi 1
  • reza Fotouhi Ghazvini 2
  • mahmud ghasemnezhad 2
  • Mohammad Reza Khaledian 3
1 MSc Student, Department of Horticultural Science, University of Guilan
2 Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, University of Guilan
3 Associate Professor, DepartmAssociate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Guilanent of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht and Department of Water Engineering and Environment, Caspia
چکیده [English]

Water is one of the most important restrictive factors in the production of agricultural products worldwide. The aim of this research is to study the effects of different levels of irrigation and organic mulch on yield, water productivity, fresh weight, dry matter percentage, hardness, soluble solid content, titratable acid, and chlorophyll index of Granny Smith apple fruit at harvest. For this purpose, factorial experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019. Irrigation treatment were applied at supply levels of 100, 75 and 50 percents of tree water requirement (ETc) and organic mulch to thicknesses of zero, 4, 8 and 12 cm. The results showed that the highest average of fresh weights of fruit were allocated to 75 and 100 percent water supply levels and organic mulch treatment at thicknesses of 8, 4 and 12 cm had a significant positive difference in fresh weight of fruit compared to the control, respectively. The average yield of mulched trees was 11.52 percent more than control trees, the highest yield was obtained in treated trees with 8 cm of mulch. Fruit SSC and the firmness of fruit were improved at 50 percent irrigation. The interaction of 8 cm mulch treatment with 75 percent irrigation had the most amount of fruit acid. Both chlorophyll a, b and total decreased with increasing drought stress and improved with the application of mulch treatments .In addition, interaction of both experimental treatments, increased water productivity and benefit per drop unit area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought Stress
  • Evapotranspiration
  • Fruit Quality
  • Granny Smith Apple

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