مدیریت آب در کشاورزی

مدیریت آب در کشاورزی

تأثیر نرخ های کاربرد زغال زیستی بر تغییرات زمانی مشخصات نفوذ در یک خاک سنگین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
رضا اسماعیل نژاد 1
کامران زینالزاده 2
سینا بشارت 1
حسین خیرفام 3
1 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه
2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه
3 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه ارومیه
10.22034/wmaj.2025.209549
چکیده
محدودیت ذاتی پایین بودن نفوذ در خاک های سنگین، در مدیریت بهینه آب در مزارع مشکل ایجاد می نماید. در سال های اخیر، زغال زیستی به عنوان یک اصلاح گر آلی خاک برای بهبود خصوصیات خاک مورد توجه قرار گرفته است ولی شناخت کافی از تاثیر کاربرد نرخ های مختلف آن در مقیاس صحرایی روی نفوذپذیری خاک سنگین وجود ندارد. در این تحقیق، زغال زیستی در نرخ های صفر، 25، 50 و 75 تن در هکتار در سه تکرار در کرت‌هایی در ابعاد 5 × 2 متر با بافت لوم رسی اعمال شدند. پس از 12 ماه، آزمایش های استوانه های مضاعف در کرت های تحقیق در سه مقطع زمانی با فاصله یک ماه انجام گردید. فرآیند نفوذ آب در خاک با استفاده از مدل فیلیپ شبیه‌سازی شد. نتایج نشان داد اعمال زغال زیستی برای تیمارهای 25 ، 50 و 75 تن در هکتار، زمان لازم برای نفوذ آب آبیاری به عمق 15 سانتیمتر را به ترتیب به میزان 31.8، 37.7 و 40.7 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش معنی دار (0.05 >P) داد. با افزایش نرخ کاربرد زغال زیستی، شدت تغییرات زمانی نفوذ بین آبیاری اول و دوم کاهش یافت. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که کاربرد زغال زیستی با نرخ پایین و اقتصادی 25 تن در هکتار به طور قابل‌توجهی نفوذپذیری خاک‌ سنگین را بهبود داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
افزودنی خاک
تغییرات زمانی نفوذ
خاک لوم رسی
مدل فیلیپ
سرعت نفوذ

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of biochar application rates on the temporal variation of infiltration characteristics in a heavy soil

نویسندگان English

Reza Esmaeilnezhad 1
Kamran Zeinalzadeh 2
Sina Besharat 1
Hossein Kheirfam 3
1 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University
2 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University
3 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University
چکیده English

The inherent limitation of low infiltration in heavy soils creates problems in optimal water management in farms. In recent years, biochar has been considered as an organic soil amendment to improve soil properties, however there is not enough knowledge of the effect of its application at different rates at the field scale on the infiltration of heavy soil. In this study, biochar was applied at the rates of 0, 25, 50, and 75 tons ha-1 in three replications in plots of 2 × 5 m with clay loam texture. After 12 months, the Double-Ring Infiltrometer experiments were conducted in the research plots at three times with an interval of one month. The process of water infiltration in the soil was simulated using the Philip model. The results showed that the application of biochar for the treatments of 25, 50 and 75 tons ha-1 decreased the time required for water infiltration by 31.8, 37.7 and 40.7%, respectively, compared to the control treatment (P < 0.05). The intensity of infiltration temporal changes between the first and second irrigation decreased with the increase of biochar application rate. The findings show that the application of biochar at a low and economical rate of 25 tons ha-1 significantly improved the infiltration of heavy soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Clay loam soil
Infiltration rate
Philip'
s model
Soil additive
Temporal variations of infiltration
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