Any reduction in water use in the agricultural sector can significantly help decrease the country's overall water consumption. In this study, the volume of irrigation water, yield, and water productivity of alfalfa under farmers' management conditions were measured across 27 selected farms under surface and sprinkler irrigation systems, different water sources, soil types, irrigation water salinities, and alfalfa cultivars in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province during the 2018-2019 crop year. By determining the flow rate, irrigation duration, and applied water amount, as well as other farm characteristics, based on the research method, the data were recorded. The differences in the average volume of irrigation water, yield, irrigation water productivity, and applied water productivity among the selected counties were not significant at the 5% probability level. The average volume of irrigation water in the counties was 9,371 and 9,092, respectively, with a provincial average of 9,226 cubic meters per hectare. Irrigation water productivity in selected farms in the province ranged from 0.46 to 2.97, with a provincial average of 1.53 kg/m³. The average applied water productivity was 1.50 kg/m³. The average volume of irrigation water for alfalfa fields in the study areas was 10,471 and 8,494 m3/ha for surface and sprinkler irrigation systems, respectively, and their difference is significant at the 5% probability level. By changing the irrigation method from surface to sprinkler, the volume of irrigation water will decrease by about 20%, and the productivity of irrigation water for alfalfa fields will increase by 44% (from 1.20 to 1.73 kg/m3). According to the results of this study, to reduce the volume of irrigation water and improve water efficiency in alfalfa production, appropriate irrigation planning and the use of sprinkler irrigation methods are recommended, taking into account the stability of salts in the soil and observing the technical conditions of the system.