Water productivity (WP) is one of the key indicators of optimal irrigation water utilization and serves as a reliable and scientific measure for evaluating the efficient use of water in agricultural production. In the present study, four indexes including IWMI1, IWMI4, ITRC2, and ITRC6—were employed to assess the status of agricultural water productivity across 33 farms located in the counties of Sabzevar, Davarzan, Joghatai, Firouzeh, and Neyshabur for wheat, barley, and forage maize crops. The results indicated that the average water productivity for wheat, barley, and forage maize under low-pressure irrigation systems was 0.65, 0.65, and 2.4 kg/m³, respectively, while under pressurized irrigation systems, it was 1.26, 0.57, and 7.61 kg/m³, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that pressurized irrigation systems played a significant role in improving water productivity compared to low-pressure systems. The highest water productivity was observed for forage maize in Neyshabur County (8.97 kg/m³) and Firouzeh County (7.85 kg/m³). Among cereal crops, Joghatai County showed the best performance in wheat cultivation with a water productivity of 1.22 kg/m³, and Neyshabur County achieved the highest productivity in barley cultivation with 0.99 kg/m³. The average values of the evaluation indices IWMI1, IWMI4, ITRC2, and ITRC6 for wheat across the studied counties were 4718 kg/ha, 0.88 kg/m³, 1.84, and 1.53, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that in the cropping pattern of the studied counties, Joghatai and Neyshabur should be prioritized for the cultivation of wheat and barley, respectively, while Firouzeh County should be prioritized for the cultivation of forage maize.