The development of modern irrigation systems has caused visible changes in the environmental dimension of the agricultural sector in the long term; therefore, identifying the influential environmental factors in evaluating modern irrigation systems is of great importance. This applied research was conducted using a survey method with the aim of identifying and investigating the influential environmental factors of modern irrigation systems in the Ardestan Plain of Isfahan Province. The main data collection tool was a questionnaire and the data collection method was a documentary study, interview, field measurement, and the statistical population of this study included all modern irrigation system projects that were implemented in the Ardestan Plain in farms and gardens from 2014 to the end of 2022. The population was determined as 52 projects with 161 different crops cultivated with various modern irrigation systems in different regions of the plain, and EXCELL statistical software was used to analyze and describe the data. Based on the research conducted, 9 influential environmental factors were identified. The factors affecting the implementation of modern irrigation systems in the environmental dimension, including water saving, adaptation to climate change and water scarcity, sustainability of groundwater resources, return water flows, agricultural input consumption, soil erosion, carbon dioxide production, and biodiversity, were investigated. The results of the study of the effects of environmental factors of modern irrigation systems show that the use of modern irrigation systems generally has positive effects in the Ardestan plain and will improve the environmental indicators of agricultural production.