بررسی تعدادی از سامانه های آبیاری قطره ای در باغ های کیوی شرق استان گیلان

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به کمبود منابع آب، بهره­گیری از شیوه­های نوین آبیاری در کشاورزی امری اجتناب ناپذیر است. استفاده از روش آبیاری قطره­ای به­دلیل پتانسیل بالقوه در توزیع یکنواخت آب، راه حل مناسبی به­منظور استفاده بهینه از منابع آب می­باشد. استفاده از سامانه­های آبیاری قطره­ای در نقاط مختلف کشور از جمله استان گیلان در چندسال اخیر رو به افزایش گذاشته است. حفظ و برقراری حداکثری راندمان­های آبیاری، کاهش هزینه­های تأسیس، بهره­برداری و نگهداری و افزایش عمر اقتصادی سیستم­های آبیاری قطره­ای ضرورت ارزیابی عملکرد آن­ها را در شرایط واقعی ایجاب می­نماید. بدین منظور از بین تعداد زیاد باغ­های کیوی موجود در مناطق چابکسر، رودسر، کلاچای و املش واقع در شرق استان گیلان 33 باغ انتخاب و پارامترهای ضریب یکنواختی، یکنواختی پخش قطره­چکان­ها، راندمان پتانسیل کاربرد چارک پایین و ضریب تغییرات قطره­چکان­ها محاسبه شد. نتایج به ­دست آمده نشان داد که منطقه چابکسر با یکنواختی پخش 63/82 و کلاچای با 12/72 درصد به ­ترتیب بیش­ترین و کم­ترین مقدار را داشتند. همچنین میانگین ضریب یکنواختی از 18/77 درصد برای کلاچای تا 93/84 درصد برای املش متغیر بود. مقدار ضریب تغییرات ساخت در سامانه­های آبیاری قطره­ای مناطق مورد تحقیق بیش­تر از 15 درصد بود که در سطح غیر قابل قبول قرار گرفت. به­طور کلی عملکرد سیستم­های آبیاری مناطق چابکسر، رودسر و املش در سطح خوب و کلاچای در سطح قابل قبول ارزیابی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Drip Irrigation Systems in the Kiwifruit Gardens of East Guilan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Salman bamdad Machiani 1
  • Mohammad Reza Khaledia 2
  • Mohammad Hassan Biglouei 2
  • Afshin Ashrafzadeh 2
1 M.Sc. student of irrigation and drainage, University of Guila
2 Assistant professor, University of Guilan
چکیده [English]

Due to the scarcity of water resources, making use of new irrigation techniques in agriculture is crucial. Drip irrigation due to its capacity in uniform distribution of water, can be considered as a perfect solution for the optimal use of water resources. Using drip irrigation systems around the country including Guilan province in recent years has been on the rise. Maintenance and obtaining maximum irrigation efficiency, reducing the cost of irrigation system establishment, operation and maintenance, and enhancing the economic lifetime of drip irrigation systems lead us to evaluate irrigation systems performance in a real situation. Thus, among a large number of kiwifruit gardens in Chaboksar, Roudsar, Amlash, Kelachay areas located in the East Guilan province, 33 gardens were selected and then coefficient of uniformity, distribution uniformity of emitters, potential application efficiency in low quarter, and variation coefficient of fabrication parameters were calculated. The results show that Chaboksar region with 82.63 and Kelachay region with 72.12 percent had the highest and lowest values of distribution uniformity, respectively. Furthermore average uniformity coefficient ranged from 77.18 for Kelachay to 84.93 percent for Amlash. Variation coefficient of fabrication was more than 15 percent in the whole area being in unacceptable level. The performance of irrigation systems in Chaboksar, Roudsar and Amlash areas was in good level, whereas Kelachay area classified in acceptable level.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drip Irrigation
  • Distribution Uniformity
  • Coefficient of Uniformity
  • Variation Coefficient of Fabrication

مراجع

Acar, B., Topak, R. and Direk, M. 2010. Impacts of pressurized irrigation technologies on efficient water resources uses in semi-arid climate of Konya basin of Turkey. International Journal of sustainable water and environmental systems. 1(1): 1-4.
Ahmadaali, Kh. 2008. Evaluation of drip irrigation systems supplied with saline water and controlling emitter clogging with acid flushing and magnetic water conditioner. MSc. Thesis. University of Tehran. Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi). 
Akbari, M. and Dehghani-Sanij, H. 2012. The operation of the central control system to improve the management and development of drip irrigation methods. Proceeding of  the 4th national seminar on sustainable development of pressurized irrigation systems. Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering. Karaj, Iran: 37-53. (In Farsi).
Al-Ghobari, H. M. 2007. Field evaluation of drip irrigation systems in Saudi Arabia. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment 103: 583- 592.
Alihouri, M. and Alizadeh, A. 2001. Operation and hydraulic characteristics of porous pipes at different pressures. Soil and water sciences journal. 20(1): 144-154. (In Farsi).
Alizade, A. 2009. Principles and practices of trickle irrigation. Emam Reza publication. Mash'had. (In Farsi).
Amir-Ardakani, M. and Zamani, Gh. 2004. Problems and obstacles using pressurized irrigation systems in KohKilueh v Boyer-Ahmad Province. Journal of Soil and Water. 17(2): 220-231. (In Farsi).
Bhatnagar, P. R. and Srivastava, R. C. 2003. Gravity-fed drip irrigation system for hilly terraces of the northwest Himalayas. Irrigation science. 21: 151-157.
 
Bralts, V. F. 1986. Field performance and evaluation. Developments in Agricultural Engineering. 9: 216-240.
Dustinejad, M. and Fathian, H. 2012. Performance evaluation of solid set sprinkle irrigation systems with movable sprinklers in Shirvan-Chardaval, Ilam province. Proceeding of the first national conference: on-farm irrigation management. Research Institute of Soil and Water. Karaj, Iran. Page 11. (In Farsi).
Ebrahimpour, M. 2011. Review and technical evaluation of drip irrigation systems implemented in Kurdistan. MSc. Thesis. University of Kurdistan. Sanandaj, Iran. (In Farsi).
Hasanli, A. and Sepaskhah, A. 2000. Evaluation of drip irrigation systems, a case study of Darab citrus gardens. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 4(2): 13-28. (In Farsi).
Ishfaq, M. 2002. Water new technology. Global Water Institute. Lahore, Pakistan.
.Juana, L., Rodriguez-Sinobas, L., Sanchez, R. and Losada, A. 2007. Evaluation of drip irrigation: selection of emitters and hydraulic characterization of trapezoidal units. Agricultural water management. 90: 13 – 26.
Liaghat, A. and Molaei-Kandalous, M. 2009. Drip irrigation. University of Tehran Press. Tehran. (In Farsi).
Maroufpour, I. and Ebarimpour, M. 2010. Drip irrigation system operation problems in Kurdistan province. Proceeding of  the 3th national seminar on sustainable development of pressurized irrigation systems. Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering. Karaj, Iran. 47-59 (In Farsi).
Motsafazadeh, B., Ataei, M. and Eslamian, S. 1998. Evaluation of drip irrigation projects implemented in Isfahan region and assessment of the possibility of improving them. Proceeding of the 9th national conference of national irrigation and drainage committee. Tehran, Iran. 289-301. (In Farsi).
NGIGI, S. N. 2008. Technical evaluation and development of low-head drip irrigation system in Kenya. Irrigation and drainage. 57: 450–462.
Ortega, J., Tarjuelo, J. M. and Juan, J. A. 2002. Evaluation of irrigation performance in localized irrigation systems of semiarid regions. Journal of scientific research and development. 4: 1-10.
Piri, H., Behzad, M. and Hooshmand, A. 2008. Evaluation of drip irrigation systems in Sarbaz city. 2nd national conference on irrigation and drainage network management. Shahid Chamran University. Ahvaz, Iran. (In Farsi).
Tagar, A. A., Mirjat, M. S., Soomro, A. and Sarki, A. 2010. Hydraulic performance of different emitters under varying lateral lengths. Pakistan journal of agriculture, agricultural engineering and veterinary sciences. 26 (2): 48-59.
Teeluck, M. and Sutton, B. G. 1998. Discharge characteristics of a porous pipe microirrigation lateral. Agricultural water management. 38(2): 123 – 134.
Umara, B. G., Audu, I. and Basher, A. U. 2011. Performance evaluation of bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) low-cost micro irrigation lateral system. ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences. 6(5): 69-73.
Valizadeh, N. 2005. The share of bank loans and the private sector in developing methods of pressurized irrigation methods. Proceeding of technical workshop on sprinkle irrigation: capabilities and challenges. National committee on Irrigation and Drainage. (In Farsi). 21 Feb 2005.
Vincent, F. B. and Donald, M. E. 1986. Field evaluation of drip irrigation submain units. American society of agricultural engineering. 29(6): 1659 – 1665.
Yildirim, O. and Korukcu, A. 2000. Comparison of Drip, Sprinkler and Surface Irrigation Systems in Orchards. Faculty of Agri., University of Ankara, Ankara Turkey. 47 pp.
مدیریت آب در کشاورزی
دوره 1، شماره 2
اسفند 1393
صفحه 55-62

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار